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The Data Center Divide

Lake Township

Anti-Data Center Policies

Lake Township’s enacted rules require data centers to have at least 100 acres and undergo extensive environmental, water, emergency, noise, and vibration reviews, which may add time and cost but do not ban them.

current law · Lake Township
Requires data centers in Lake Township to meet specific standards for site size, access, screening, water use, emergency response, environmental impacts, noise, and other land-development requirements.Pennsylvania Wayne County Lake Township Article VIII: Data Storage Centers (2025)

What this means

The measure would create significant barriers: data centers would need at least 100 acres, extensive environmental and water studies, emergency plans, and noise and vibration reviews. These requirements could make projects more costly and time-consuming, though they do not ban data centers outright.

People behind it

  • Proposed and adopted Ordinance No. 382, amending the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance to regulate data storage centers.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements27
  • A data storage center must be located on a lot or unified assemblage of at least 100 acres. Minimum lot area: 100 acres

  • The site must have direct access to an arterial, connector, or collector road, and the applicant must demonstrate a second adequate means of ingress and egress for emergency access. Direct access to an arterial, connector, or collector road and an adequate second means of ingress and egress

  • Parking, structures, equipment, accessory uses, outdoor storage, fuel tanks, battery cells, and loading areas must be screened by a 100-foot buffer from all property lines, plus an additional 100-foot buffer along street frontages. A 100-foot-wide buffer yard

  • Required buffer yards must use a vegetated screen consisting of 100% evergreen trees; trees must be at least six feet tall at planting and designed to reach at least 10 feet within four years, with species-diversity limits when more than 50 trees are required. Trees used for screen buffers shall be comprised of 100% evergreen species

  • The owner must permanently maintain required plantings and replace dead plant material, and must post a performance guarantee equal to the estimated planting cost; the guarantee is released only after the second growing season. Such guarantee shall be released only after passage of the second growing season

  • Cooling, ventilation, power-generation, and other operating equipment within 300 feet of a public roadway or a residence or occupied structure must be fully enclosed unless mechanically infeasible; if not enclosed, it must be screened by specified landscaping, vegetation, buildings, berms, or solid fencing. must be fully enclosed

  • Data center equipment cannot be placed between the principal buildings and the frontage street, and it must be separated from adjacent residential uses by principal buildings; the facility must also contain systems for fuel, grease, oil, and similar spill control. DCE shall be separated from all adjacent residential uses by principal buildings

  • The development must have an at least eight-foot-high black poly-coated chain-link fence, or another material approved by the Board of Supervisors, around its perimeter. A minimum eight-foot high black poly-coated chain link fence

  • Parking and loading or unloading are prohibited on or along any public road, and gated facilities must be designed so that access and loading do not interfere with public-road traffic. No parking or loading/unloading shall be permitted on or along any public road

  • Exterior wall colors must be low-reflective, subtle, or earth tones; fluorescent and metallic exterior wall colors are prohibited. Fluorescent and metallic colors shall be prohibited

  • Applicants must coordinate with the Wayne County Communications Center and install radio-coverage enhancement systems if needed for emergency responders inside the building. shall install enhancement systems if needed

  • An Emergency Response Plan prepared by a qualified professional must be submitted, accepted by the local fire department and emergency management services, and include fire suppression, containment, ventilation, evacuation, emergency access, responder training, and annual fire-safety inspections. submit an Emergency Response Plan

  • Battery or other energy-storage systems must comply with NFPA Standard 855 or similar standards and must have fire-suppression systems designed specifically for battery storage. compliance with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 855

  • No land development application may be approved unless the applicant demonstrates that fire suppression, containment, ventilation, and evacuation procedures adequately protect public health, safety, and welfare. No land development application shall be approved unless

  • The applicant must provide evidence of adequate water and sewage service. If water use is on-lot, the applicant must document compliance with Township and state requirements; if anticipated water withdrawal is at least 4,000 gallons per day over a 30-day period, a professionally prepared water-resources impact study is required. a water resources impact study shall be required

  • Projects with water withdrawals of at least 100,000 gallons per day averaged over 30 days, or consumptive use of at least 20,000 gallons per day averaged over 30 days, must provide proof of Delaware River Basin Commission review and approval. Water withdrawals of 100,000 gallons per day (gpd) or more

  • Applicants using on-lot sewage disposal must demonstrate adequate capacity through a report covering sewage flows, soil testing, pollutant and heat-removal methods, disposal areas, conveyance infrastructure, tanks, and treatment equipment. demonstrate safe and adequate on-lot sewage disposal capacity

  • An environmental impact assessment prepared by a qualified professional is required, including analysis of nuisance impacts, stormwater, comprehensive-plan consistency, alternatives, unavoidable impacts, mitigation, and environmentally sensitive critical-impact areas. An environmental impact assessment shall be performed and submitted

  • The application must include an electric-service interconnection agreement showing that sufficient capacity is available and identifying known impacts on electric rates or availability for other uses. provide an interconnection agreement

  • The site plan must include a fire-protection plan for hydrants and firefighting equipment, and all access gates must have a Knox-type box for emergency responders. A Knox-type box shall be installed on all access gates

  • The applicant must provide an affidavit or other evidence that the property owner authorizes the applicant or operator to apply for land development approval. permission to apply

  • A professional acoustical sound study must demonstrate maximum sound levels of 67 dB(A) during specified weekday daytime hours and 57 dB(A) during specified nighttime and weekend hours, measured at the external property lines. Preliminary, interim, and as-built studies are required. maximum daytime ... 67 dB(A) and a maximum nighttime ... 57 dB(A)

  • If the as-built sound study finds a violation, the owner or occupant must promptly remediate it; failure to remediate within 90 days after notice may result in revocation of previously issued permits. failure ... to remediate a sound violation within 90 days

  • A qualified professional must prepare a vibration study demonstrating that vibration from the data center or associated equipment will not be perceptible beyond the property line. no vibration ... will be perceptible

  • The Township may retain hydrogeologists, acoustical experts, and other professionals to review required studies and monitoring or testing, with the applicant responsible for their fees. whose fees shall be paid by the applicant

  • Data centers must provide one parking space for every three employees on the maximum shift, plus five visitor spaces; the ordinance states that data centers are calculated by employee count rather than gross floor area. solely based on the number of employees

  • Violations of the article or a permit are unlawful, and if an alleged violation remains unresolved 30 days after notice, the Township may bring civil enforcement proceedings or pursue other legal remedies. after 30 days from the date of the notice of violation

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions8
  • The ordinance expressly includes cryptocurrency mining facilities within the data storage center use, allowing them to be developed and operated under the data-center framework rather than as a separate use. The Data Storage Center use shall be inclusive of Cryptocurrency Mining Facilities.

  • Utilities, substations, backup power, cooling systems, communications connections, security operations, and similar facilities may be included as accessory uses when located on the same parcel or unified assemblage as the data center. Data Center Accessory Uses generally include utilities...and redundant/backup power supplies.

  • Data center accessory uses and data center equipment are expressly treated as accessory uses, which can allow them to be approved as part of the principal data-center development rather than as separate principal uses. Data center accessory use and data center equipment shall be considered accessory uses.

  • The applicant may use centralized public water and sewer service if the utility operator provides a letter confirming willingness and system adequacy, establishing a path for obtaining necessary utility infrastructure. the utility owner's willingness to supply service to the development.

  • A data center may use an on-lot water supply when public water is unavailable, provided the applicant demonstrates compliance with applicable Township, Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and other regulations. If an approved public water supply is not accessible.

  • The ordinance provides a defined process for obtaining an electric interconnection agreement confirming that sufficient electric capacity is available to serve the data center. the necessary capacity is available, and the data storage center will be served.

  • Parking for data centers is calculated solely from the number of employees, plus five visitor spaces, rather than from the otherwise applicable gross-floor-area standard. data centers shall be required to provide parking solely based on the number of employees.

  • The Township Supervisors may waive or modify subdivision and land-development requirements where strict compliance would cause unreasonable hardship, subject to stated findings, possible public notice and hearing, and conditions or guarantees. The Township Supervisors shall have the power to authorize waivers and modifications.

Sources

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