Town of Saratoga
Anti-Data Center Policies
Saratoga allows data centers only in its industrial district with a conditional-use permit, plus setback, height, emergency, utility, environmental, and water-study requirements. These hurdles add time and cost but do not ban data centers.
current law · Town of SaratogaTown of Saratoga Ordinance No. 3-18-2026 regulates data facilities within the Town of Saratoga.Town of Saratoga Ordinance No. 3-18-2026 (2026)
What this means
It would create significant barriers: data centers could only locate in the industrial district with a conditional-use permit, and the ordinance adds setback and height limits plus emergency, utility, environmental, and water-study requirements. These requirements would add approval hurdles, time, and costs, but they do not amount to a ban.
People behind it
- Town Attorney
Prepared the revision to the Data Facility Operations Ordinance.
- Plan Commission
Reviewed the revised ordinance, made a change to the fees section, and recommended it to the Town Board for approval.
- Dan Forbes
Moved that the Plan Commission recommend the revised ordinance to the Town Board.
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- Patty Heeg
Seconded the motion recommending the revised ordinance to the Town Board.
- Town Board
Adopted the updated Data Operations Ordinance.
- Karl Greeneway
Moved adoption of the updated Data Operations Ordinance.
- Joshua McDonald
Seconded the motion adopting the updated Data Operations Ordinance.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements31
Data centers may be located only in the General Industry District (ID).
Construction or operation requires a conditional use permit under the zoning ordinance.
A conditional use permit may not be issued or continued unless the facility complies with the Data Facility Operations Ordinance.
Applications are subject to site-plan review and approval, and structures must be harmonious and compatible with the site and surrounding properties.
Every principal and accessory structure must be set back at least 200 feet from all property lines.
Every parking lot must be set back at least 100 feet from all property lines.
Buildings, including roof-mounted equipment, may not exceed 45 feet in height.
Property fencing may not exceed 6 feet above ground and must use high-quality design and materials.
Off-street parking must provide one space per two employees plus one space for each business vehicle normally kept on the premises.
Loading areas must keep all loading, maneuvering, and unloading vehicles off public rights-of-way and provide enough on-site space to prevent vehicles from backing onto a roadway.
Night lighting must be limited to what is minimally necessary for security and safety, with efforts made to reduce illumination of the night sky and neighboring properties.
Noise at property boundaries may not exceed 60 dBA; the zoning official may require noise barriers or other devices when testing is inconclusive.
Air, dust, smoke, glare, exhaust, heat, or humidity generated by the facility may not be perceptible as a negative impact at or beyond the property lines.
Data-center equipment must be housed in a metered, electrically grounded, pre-engineered metal structure with at least a 30-minute internal electrical-fire rating and automatically closing fire baffles that operate independently of possible electrical-system failure.
Approval requires an Emergency Response Plan prepared by a qualified professional and reviewed and accepted by the local fire department or departments and emergency management services.
The Emergency Response Plan must address fire suppression, containment, ventilation, evacuation, emergency access roads, training for emergency personnel, and annual fire-safety inspections by a qualified professional.
Facilities with battery or other energy storage may not receive a conditional use permit unless they demonstrate compliance with NFPA 855 or similar standards and provide fire-suppression systems specifically designed for battery storage.
A landscape buffer is required between every data-facility structure and adjoining residential districts or public roadways.
The landscape buffer must be at least 25 feet wide and include specified quantities and minimum sizes of native evergreen trees, canopy trees, ornamental trees, and shrubs, with at least 50% of the shrubs evergreen.
Before a certificate of occupancy, service providers must verify adequate supply-line and substation capacity, sufficient utility equipment and electrical infrastructure, adequate cooling and operating systems, no harmful electrical interference or voltage fluctuations, and passage of a third-party final electrical inspection.
At least seven business days before the conditional-use public hearing, the applicant must submit an environmental and community impact analysis.
The environmental and community impact analysis must describe operations, employees, operating hours, vehicle trips, stored materials, disposal methods, site resources within 1,000 feet, impacts on emergency services, water, sewage, solid waste, schools, municipal finances, and proposed mitigation measures.
The required environmental impact assessment must be prepared by a professional engineer, ecologist, environmental planner, or other qualified individual and must analyze existing conditions, probable future effects, alternatives, unavoidable adverse impacts, impact minimization, mitigation, and critical impact areas.
The environmental assessment must address vehicle and truck-idling emissions and require anti-idling signs where 15 or more trucks may park or congregate.
A stormwater management plan is required.
If the facility relies on nonpublic water, the applicant must submit a water-feasibility study addressing demand, sources, uses, safe yield, recycling or discharge, geology within one mile, nearby wells and surface waters within 1,000 feet, water impacts, and preparer qualifications.
A facility using nonpublic water may not be approved unless the study shows adequate supply and that withdrawals and discharges will not adversely affect nearby groundwater or surface waters.
Applicants must comply with applicable Wood County shoreland and navigable-water regulations.
Adequate domestic, cooling, and industrial wastewater disposal must be provided and approved by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Department of Justice when applicable.
All Town-incurred project costs, including professional review of submitted documentation, must be paid by the applicant, in addition to applicable application fees.
Violations are subject to penalties under the zoning ordinance and other applicable ordinances.
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions6
The ordinance expressly recognizes data centers—including cryptocurrency mining, blockchain transaction processing, and server farms—as eligible data-center uses, rather than excluding those activities from regulation. It includes cryptocurrency mining, blockchain transaction processing, and server farms.
It creates a conditional-use-permit pathway for constructing and operating a data facility in the Town, rather than banning the use outright. No person or business shall construct or operate a data facility ... unless issued a conditional use permit.
Electric utility substations are expressly allowed as accessory uses, and accessory structures may be detached from the main data-center structures, facilitating associated electrical infrastructure on the same property. including an electric utility substation and may be detached from the primary structure or structures.
The parking requirement is limited to one space per two employees, plus one space for each business vehicle normally kept on the premises, reducing the required parking relative to a one-space-per-employee standard. one (1) space per two (2) employees.
The ordinance permits on-site fencing up to six feet high, allowing a data facility to secure its property and equipment, subject to high-quality design and materials. Fencing of the property is permitted.
It allows data-facility buildings up to 45 feet high, including roof-mounted equipment, providing a defined height allowance for constructing the facility. The maximum building height for any structure shall be 45 feet.
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