Laborers and mechanics constructing or refurbishing a large-scale data center must be paid the prevailing wage rate; workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement must receive the higher of the prevailing wage or applicable contract wage. A large-scale data center is generally one with at least 25,000 square feet and at least $250 million in qualifying costs incurred within a 60-month period beginning July 1, 2026.

Owners or operators of data centers must obtain certification from the Department of Safety and Professional Services, within three years after operations begin, that the facility meets an approved sustainable-design or green-building standard, such as BREEAM, Energy Star, Envision, ISO 50001, LEED, Green Globes, or UL 3223.

To qualify for the data-center sales and use tax exemption, a large-scale data center must satisfy the prevailing-wage requirements and obtain at least 70 percent of its total annual electricity from renewable resources.

The Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation must revoke a qualified data center’s sales-and-use-tax certification and impose recapture provisions if the facility fails to meet the applicable investment, prevailing-wage, or renewable-energy requirements, although WEDC may grant additional time to cure the failure.

Political subdivisions must require data centers to record and report actual water usage no later than one year after becoming operational and annually thereafter; the political subdivision must publish the reported usage on its website or by class 1 public notice.

An energy-utility customer qualifying as a large energy customer must pay an annual fee based on forecast peak electricity demand: $2 million for at least 100 but less than 250 megawatts, $3 million for at least 250 but less than 500 megawatts, and an additional $1 million for each subsequent 250-megawatt increment beginning at 500 megawatts.

If a data center participates in an optional renewable-resource tariff, it must pay all proportional costs associated with adding new renewable resources to the electric utility’s grid, including utility costs caused by those additions, without shifting those costs to other utility customers.

For each electric utility, the Public Service Commission must establish a very-large-customer class or subclass. An electric utility offering a tariff or contract rate to such a customer must file a rate-case application every other year, allowing the commission to adjust rates or service terms deemed unreasonable, preferential, or unjustly discriminatory.

Qualified data centers may receive an exemption from Wisconsin sales and use tax under the existing data-center program. Large-scale data centers qualify only if construction and refurbishment work meets the prevailing-wage requirement and at least 70 percent of annual electricity comes from renewable resources; WEDC may allow additional time to cure noncompliance before revoking certification.

The Public Service Commission must require each electric utility to offer commercial and industrial customers an optional renewable-resource tariff. Data centers may use the tariff to obtain some or all of their energy from new renewable resources, provided reliability is maintained; participating customers pay the proportional costs of adding those resources, receive an appropriate energy credit, and are protected from cost shifting to or from other customers.

The Public Service Commission must ensure that utility costs used to serve a large data center are not allocated to or recovered from any other customer, requiring the data center or its developer to bear those costs.

Any renewable-energy facility that primarily serves a large data center must be located at the data center site. A large data center is generally one using more than 20 gigawatt-hours of information-technology electricity annually or having more than 100 megawatts of electrical demand; commonly owned facilities may be aggregated. The requirement does not apply to a large data center already operating or under construction when the provision takes effect.

A large data center may not be constructed or operated unless its cooling water is contained in a closed-loop cooling system or another system using no more water than a closed-loop system.

A large data center operator must annually report to the Department of Natural Resources the total amount of water used by the facility during the preceding 12-month period.

Before operating a large data center, the operator must file with the Department of Natural Resources a surety bond or approved alternative security, such as cash, certificates of deposit, or government securities, equal to the estimated cost of required reclamation.

Construction of a large data center may not begin until the Department of Natural Resources approves the required bond or other security and issues written authorization to commence construction.

If construction of a proposed large data center is not completed before the conditional-use permit expires, the owner must notify the Department of Natural Resources and the municipality. The owner must restore the parcel to the extent required by the municipality, and full restoration must return it, to the greatest extent feasible, to its preconstruction condition.

The Public Service Commission must ensure that costs for electric infrastructure primarily serving a large data center are not allocated to or recovered from other utility customers, establishing a dedicated cost-allocation framework for infrastructure needed to serve the facility.

The renewable-energy-facility location requirement does not apply to a large data center that is already operating or under construction when the provision takes effect, protecting those existing projects from having to locate primarily serving renewable facilities on-site.

The renewable-energy, cooling-system, bonding, and reclamation requirements apply prospectively to qualifying data centers that begin operating or construction after the measure takes effect, rather than retroactively imposing those requirements on existing facilities.

For an associated solar or wind project, a municipality generally must approve or disapprove the project within 90 days; if it fails to act within that period or an authorized extension, the project is considered approved.

Prohibits a data center or its agent from entering into any agreement, including a nondisclosure agreement, that conceals development details from the public or prevents public review of the data center.

Prohibits a city, village, town, or county from entering into any agreement, including a nondisclosure agreement, that conceals development details from the public or prevents public review of a data center.

Prohibits a political subdivision from permitting or approving a data-center project if the data center, its agent, or the political subdivision violates these nondisclosure-agreement restrictions.

Provides an exception when an agreement’s sole purpose is preventing public disclosure of a trade secret.

Allows a data center, its agent, or a political subdivision to enter into an agreement solely to prevent public disclosure of a trade secret; such an agreement is exempt from the bill’s prohibitions on concealing data-center development information.

Laborers and mechanics constructing or refurbishing a large-scale data center must be paid at least the prevailing wage rate; workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement must receive the higher of the prevailing wage or the agreement’s wage rate. This applies to data centers of at least 25,000 square feet with at least $250 million in qualifying construction, equipment, and software costs incurred during a 60-month period beginning July 1, 2026.

Every data center must obtain certification under an approved sustainable-design or green-building standard, such as BREEAM, Energy Star, LEED, Green Globes, or UL 3223, within three years after beginning operations.

A large-scale data center seeking the specified sales-and-use-tax exemption must satisfy the prevailing-wage requirements and obtain at least 70 percent of its total annual electricity from renewable resources.

The Department of Administration must collect an annual fee from each qualifying large energy customer. Based on peak electricity demand, the fee is $2 million for at least 100 but less than 250 megawatts, $3 million for at least 250 but less than 500 megawatts, and an additional $1 million for each successive 250-megawatt increment beginning at 500 megawatts.

An electric utility serving a very large customer under a tariff or contract rate must file a rate-case application with the Public Service Commission by April 1 of every other year, subject to a possible waiver for exceptional circumstances. The commission may adjust rates or modify service terms if it determines that the arrangement is unreasonable, preferential, or unjustly discriminatory.

Commercial and industrial customers using the optional renewable-resource tariff must pay all proportional costs associated with adding new renewable resources to the electric utility’s grid, including utility costs caused by those additions, and the utility may not shift those costs to other customers.

Each energy utility must submit quarterly reports to the Public Service Commission for every data center in its service territory identifying energy consumption by fuel type, on-site renewable generation, directly procured energy, and renewable-energy credits purchased.

A political subdivision must require each data center to record and report its actual water usage no later than one year after becoming operational and annually thereafter; the political subdivision must publish the reported usage on its website or through a class 1 notice.

A water utility must notify the Public Service Commission when a new customer’s planned water use, or an existing customer’s planned increase in use, would account for 25 percent of the total water usage of all customers of that water utility.

Large-scale data centers may qualify for Wisconsin sales and use tax exemptions if their development, construction, renovation, expansion, replacement, or repair meets the prevailing-wage requirements and at least 70 percent of their annual electricity use comes from renewable resources.

Electric utilities must offer commercial and industrial customers an optional renewable-resource tariff, allowing participating data centers to obtain some or all of their electricity from new renewable resources while paying the proportional costs of adding those resources to the grid.

An electric utility may demonstrate that an existing tariff already complies with the renewable-resource-tariff requirements, avoiding the need to create a separate compliant tariff.

The Public Service Commission chair may waive an electric utility’s biennial rate-case filing deadline for a very large customer when the utility demonstrates exceptional circumstances requiring a waiver.

A political subdivision may satisfy its data-center water-usage reporting obligation by publishing the information on its website, if available, or by publishing a class 1 notice.

Data centers may satisfy the required sustainable-design certification through any other reasonable standard approved by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, in addition to the specifically listed standards.

Moratorium on operating a data center: no person may operate one in Wisconsin unless all listed requirements are provided by law, as determined by the secretary of agriculture, trade and consumer protection.

The moratorium applies to facilities primarily used to store, manage, and process digital data that have at least 5,000 servers, occupy at least 10,000 square feet, or have an electricity demand of at least 100 megawatts.

A statewide data center planning authority must be established by law before covered data centers may operate.

Data center energy and water costs may not be shifted to residential customers.

Data center energy-infrastructure costs may not be shifted to residential customers.

A land and community recovery funding mechanism must be created by law.

State and local financial subsidies for data centers must be eliminated.

Data centers must publicly report their water and electricity usage.

Data-center-specific safeguards addressing air, water, and noise pollution must be created to protect the environment and public health.

One hundred percent of the energy used by data centers must be supplied by newly built, directly accessible renewable energy.

Contractors constructing the newly built, directly accessible renewable-energy projects must pay either prevailing wages or collectively bargained wages.

Contractors constructing any data center must pay either prevailing wages or collectively bargained wages.

The Public Service Commission's integrated resource-planning authority must be restored.

Nondisclosure agreements between data centers, data-center developers, utilities, and local government officials must be prohibited.

A data center must receive prior approval by referendum of the electors of the municipality where it is proposed to be located.

A data-center-specific enforcement and penalty structure must be created by law.

Electric infrastructure costs that primarily serve a data center may not be allocated to or recovered from other customers through utility rates.

Any renewable energy facility that primarily serves a data center must be located at the data center site.

A data center may not be constructed or operated unless cooling water is contained in a closed-loop cooling system that continually recycles a fixed volume of water.

A data center operator must annually report to the Department of Natural Resources the total amount of water used by the data center during the preceding 12 months.

Before operating a data center, the operator must file with the Department of Natural Resources a surety bond, cash, certificates of deposit, or government securities equal to the estimated cost of required reclamation.

Construction of a data center may not begin until the Department of Natural Resources approves the required bond or other security and issues written authorization to commence construction.

If construction of a proposed data center is not completed, the owner must notify the Department of Natural Resources and restore the parcel, to the greatest extent feasible, to its preconstruction condition.

After approving the required bond or other security, the Department of Natural Resources must issue written authorization for construction of the data center to begin.

Moratorium: No person may operate a Wisconsin data center unless all specified requirements are provided by law, as determined by the secretary of agriculture, trade and consumer protection.

Data centers must be subject to a statewide data center planning authority.

Data center energy and water costs may not be shifted to residential customers.

Data center energy infrastructure costs may not be shifted to residential customers.

A land and community recovery funding mechanism must be created for data centers.

State and local financial subsidies for data centers must be eliminated.

Data centers must publicly report their water and electricity usage.

Data centers must be subject to facility-specific safeguards addressing air, water, and noise pollution.

One hundred percent of the energy used by data centers must be supplied by newly built, directly accessible renewable energy.

Contractors building the required renewable-energy projects must pay prevailing wages or collectively bargained wages.

Contractors constructing data centers must pay prevailing wages or collectively bargained wages.

The Public Service Commission's integrated resource planning authority must be restored.

Nondisclosure agreements between data centers, data center developers, utilities, and local government officials are prohibited.

A data center must receive prior approval by referendum of the electors of the municipality where it will be located.

A data-center-specific enforcement and penalty structure must be created.