Greene County
Neutral Data Center Policies
Greene County’s zoning does not clearly allow data centers, so approval may require interpretation or a zoning change; a resolution proposes further review, but its standards remain unspecified.
current law · County measureInitiates a review and potential amendment of Greene County’s zoning ordinance to clarify its intent, add definitions, correct inconsistencies, modify general regulations, and consider adding a Technology/Flex Research and Development zoning district.Resolution of Intent to Amend Greene County Zoning Ordinance (June 25, 2024)
What this means
The resolution starts a review process but does not itself adopt new zoning rules; it directs staff to prepare drafts and hold further hearings. Its stated goal is to require data centers to obtain special-use permits with performance standards, which could add some approval delay, but the standards and their impact are not yet specified.
People behind it
- Greene County Board of Supervisors
Adopted the resolution of intent, directed staff to prepare amendments, and initiated the zoning ordinance amendment process.
- Jim Frydl
Director of Planning and Zoning identified as responsible for presenting the data-center zoning amendment and preparing the related draft amendments.
- Greene County Planning Commission
Directed to conduct work sessions and a public hearing and make a recommendation to the Board of Supervisors.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements1
Data centers would require a special use permit and would be subject to performance standards; the resolution directs staff and the Planning Commission to develop the corresponding zoning amendments.
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions1
Directs the County to amend its zoning ordinance to allow data centers through a special use permit with performance standards, creating a potential permitting pathway subject to future drafting, Planning Commission review, public hearings, and Board of Supervisors action.
Sources
current law · Unincorporated areasGreene County’s zoning ordinance defines a data center as a facility containing large-scale computer systems used for off-site data storage and processing, including typical backup, cooling, fire-suppression, and security equipment.Greene County Zoning Ordinance (2025)
What this means
The ordinance defines data centers but does not specifically list them as allowed uses, so approval may require interpretation or a zoning change (data center definition). The technology-focused district could offer a possible location, but it also imposes requirements such as public water and sewer, screening, and open space (TFRD requirements).
People behind it
- Board of Supervisors of Greene County, Virginia
Governing body that enacted the zoning ordinance and adopts amendments.
- Planning Commission of Greene County, Virginia
Reviews proposed amendments and makes recommendations to the governing body.
- Zoning Administrator
Administers and enforces the zoning ordinance, including reviewing applications and issuing permits.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements21
Data centers are defined in Article 22 but are not expressly listed as a permitted use in the TFRD District. Under Article 16-6, a use that is not specifically permitted must be referred to the Planning Commission and may require a zoning-ordinance amendment before it can be listed as permitted, unless the County classifies the proposal under another listed use.
TFRD zoning is limited to parcels located within the designated growth area shown on the Greene County Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map.
A TFRD lot must contain at least 5 acres.
TFRD development may cover no more than 75% of the lot, including all impervious surfaces, and at least 25% of the lot must remain landscaped or undeveloped.
TFRD facilities must use public water and sewer facilities.
TFRD structures must be at least 25 feet from the edge of any road right-of-way, with minimum 50-foot side and rear yards adjoining or adjacent to residential, agricultural, or conservation districts. Accessory structures and parking areas must be at least 20 feet from side and rear lot lines adjoining or adjacent to residential districts.
TFRD buildings may be no more than 45 feet high unless the Board of Supervisors grants a special exception to increase the height.
All TFRD uses must be conducted entirely within enclosed structures, and all outdoor storage must be screened.
TFRD loading bays must not be visible from a road right-of-way and must be screened. Trucks and trailers generally may not remain outside the building except in screened areas, and loading bays may not be visible from arterial or collector roads.
For TFRD uses adjacent to residential areas, deliveries may not occur after 11:00 p.m. or before 6:00 a.m.
TFRD site lighting is limited to fixtures no higher than 25 feet that are full cut-off and meet dark-sky standards. The development must also prevent truck, forklift, and heavy-equipment noise from being audible at a level greater than typical for nearby residential areas.
Building facades visible from an arterial or collector road must use brick, natural stone, glass, stucco, exposed aggregate concrete, or an equivalent permanently finished architectural material; metal or aluminum is limited to window and decorative treatments.
Commercial, business, and industrial development generally requires an approved site development plan before a building or occupancy permit may be issued. The plan must address items including utilities, drainage, traffic access, parking, loading, lighting, landscaping, screening, floodplain information, and proposed structures.
A zoning permit is required for construction, reconstruction, moving, enlargement, or alteration of a structure or for establishing a land use, and no building permit may be issued before the zoning permit. Occupancy also requires a certificate of occupancy.
TFRD parking must comply with Article 16-8. For an unlisted commercial or industrial building, Article 16-8 requires one parking space per 100 square feet of business floor area; industrial and wholesale establishments instead require at least one space per two employees plus space for trucks and other business vehicles.
Commercial and industrial uses must provide off-street loading space, including at least one loading space per 20,000 square feet of floor area. Each loading space must generally be at least 12 feet wide, 14.5 feet high, and 25 feet deep, or deep enough for the largest delivery truck.
TFRD parking may be located off-site only with an approved special location plan, a written and County Attorney-reviewed covenant binding successors, and a maximum distance of 600 feet from an entrance to the served use. A parking reduction of up to 50% requires a parking-demand analysis and approval by the Zoning Administrator.
A site development plan generally requires a performance guarantee before approval. The guarantee must equal at least 110% of the estimated cost of required improvements, must be renewed annually, and must be adjusted using the most recent Engineering News-Record Construction Cost Index.
Development disturbing more than 10,000 square feet requires a land-disturbing permit, with approved erosion-and-sediment-control and stormwater-management plans required before the permit and final site development plan can be approved.
A TFRD district must have direct access to major streets, highways, or other transportation facilities, and development must provide adequate vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycle access connected to existing transportation infrastructure.
If utility extensions or enlargements for a TFRD proposal would create higher net public costs or an earlier public-cost commitment than generally permitted development, approval may depend on the developer providing approved private utilities or offsetting the added public cost; the applicant must pay the cost of determining those impacts.
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions11
The TFRD District permits technology-related research and development facilities, technology and engineering offices, pilot production, and public utilities by right; a data center would need to qualify under an applicable permitted use. Research and development facilities, including labs for technology
TFRD-zoned parcels may have a minimum area of five acres, up to 75% lot coverage including impervious surfaces, and 25% landscaped or undeveloped open space, allowing substantial building and infrastructure footprints. Maximum Lot Coverage: 75%
TFRD facilities are required to use public water and sewer facilities, while countywide rules generally require sanitary sewer hookup for new construction and require connection when a public water or gravity sewer line is within 350 feet of the property boundary. The facilities shall utilize public water and sewer facilities
The TFRD District allows the Zoning Administrator to approve a parking reduction of up to 50% when a parking-demand analysis demonstrates that the proposed amount is sufficient. reduce the total number of parking spaces required by up to fifty percent
TFRD parking may be located on a separate private lot if approved by the Zoning Administrator, provided the off-site spaces are within 600 feet of an entrance to the served use and the required plan and property-owner covenant are supplied. within six hundred feet (600') from an entrance
TFRD buildings may be up to 45 feet high, and the Board of Supervisors may authorize additional height by special exception. Buildings may be erected up to forty-five (45) feet
The TFRD District expressly encourages adaptive reuse of existing spaces and buildings to accommodate changing technology needs, which can facilitate conversion or expansion within existing facilities. encourages adaptive reuse of spaces and buildings
TFRD permits accessory solar panels when they are flush-mounted and integrated into the building design or properly screened, and the definitions state that rooftop solar does not require a zoning application, although building permits and inspections remain required. On-site solar panels accessory to the primary use are allowed
For an approved site development plan, the county allows administrative approval of minor changes when they remain legally compliant, substantially conform to the approved plan, and create no additional adverse impact; this can simplify limited facility modifications. administratively minor changes to an approved site development plan
An approved site development plan remains valid for five years unless construction has commenced and is being pursued in good faith, providing a substantial approval period for project development. Approval of the site development plan
A lawful nonconforming use may continue after later zoning changes, including after a change in title or possession, although it is deemed abandoned if discontinued for more than two years. such manner of use or purpose may be continued
Sources
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