Goochland County
Pro-Data Center Policies
Goochland County allows data centers by right in its Technology Overlay District, except in TOD West, and requires less parking. Projects there must still meet setback, buffer, and noise rules.
current law · County measureThis ordinance establishes the Technology Overlay District and permits data centers by right in most of the district, while requiring a conditional use permit in TOD West.Goochland County Ordinance No. 6471 — Technology Overlay District (approved November 6, 2025)
What this means
The measure modestly favors development by allowing data centers by right in the overlay, except in TOD West and reducing required parking. But projects covered by the overlay must meet significant conditions, including setbacks, buffers, and noise rules, so the net effect is positive but limited.
People behind it
- Goochland County Board of Supervisors
Introduced, held the public hearing on, approved, and enacted the Technology Overlay District ordinance and Comprehensive Plan amendment.
- Goochland County staff
Co-proposed and recommended the Technology Overlay District and Technology Zone ordinances and developed the related amendments and development standards.
- Goochland County Economic Development Authority
Co-recommended the ordinances as part of the county’s strategy to attract high-value technology and industrial development.
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- Goochland County Planning Commission
Conducted the public hearing process and voted to recommend approval of the amendments to the Board of Supervisors.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements18
Data centers in the TOD West area require a conditional use permit rather than being permitted by right (data centers are permitted by right, except ... within the TOD West).
A data center that is permitted by right under underlying zoning must comply with TOD standards when it is adjacent to residentially zoned property or a mixed-use development containing residential uses (TOD standards in Sec. 15-449.A apply).
Data centers receiving Technology Zone incentives must comply with the TOD standards, including its additional development requirements (the TOD standards apply).
Any TOD use must use public water and sewer systems; onsite water reuse or wastewater pretreatment is allowed, but discharge must ultimately be into the public system (any use within the TOD must utilize public water and sewer systems).
Outside a planned development park, a data-center campus requires an approved conceptual master plan before a plan of development can be approved or building permits issued; amendments require additional approval (no building permits will be issued, or plan of development approved ... until the conceptual master plan ... is approved).
The conceptual master plan is subject to zoning-administrator review, and an applicant who disagrees with the decision has only 15 days to appeal to the Planning Commission (file a written appeal ... within 15 days).
For projects adjacent to residentially zoned property or residential mixed-use development, noise from operations may not exceed 55 dBA or 65 dBC at the adjacent property line (cannot exceed 55dBA and 65dBC).
A third-party environmental noise impact assessment using SoundPlan, CadnaA, or an acceptable equivalent is required with the initial plan of development, followed by a peak-operating-condition assessment within three months after operations begin; the zoning administrator may require additional studies, but no more than four per calendar year (an additional noise assessment ... within three months of operations).
Generators may operate only for testing or during defined emergencies; testing is limited to two hours per day between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, unless DEQ or another air-quality regulator requires otherwise (generators cannot be operated other than for testing and during emergencies).
Generator testing schedules must be posted annually on a dedicated company webpage, with at least 48 hours' notice of any schedule change (the testing schedule should be posted on a dedicated company webpage).
Generators must use specified noise-mitigation measures, including enclosure or acoustic screening, separation from residential property by a principal building, berms or landscaping that substantially eliminate ground-level visibility, and low-emission Tier 4 diesel generators, unless equally effective newer methods are approved (all of the following must be used).
A data center and all exterior mechanical equipment, including generators, must be at least 300 feet from residentially zoned property or residential mixed-use development on M-1 or M-2 property; on other zoning, the setback is 500 feet, reducible to 300 feet only through a conditional use permit (cannot be located within 500 feet).
Data centers adjacent to property not zoned M-1 or M-2 must provide a minimum 250-foot vegetated buffer, with specified landscaping requirements (a minimum 250-foot vegetated buffer).
Access to a TOD property generally may not connect through local roads within residentially zoned property, except where access is solely necessary for emergency vehicles (cannot connect to local roads within residentially-zoned properties).
Exterior construction next to residential property or residential mixed-use development is limited to 7:00 a.m. through 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, with only limited exceptions for emergencies or unusual circumstances (Exterior construction activity is limited to between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.).
The general maximum structure height is 120 feet; structures over 60 feet require approved fire sprinklers and specified setbacks, and structures over 80 feet may not be adjacent to residential property or certain A-2 property unless a conditional use permit is granted (structures may not exceed 60 feet in height unless).
Outside a planned development park, each technology campus must provide at least 20 percent open space (a minimum of 20% open space is required).
Data-center campuses outside a planned development park are subject to required building-design, landscaping, screening, perimeter-buffer, and setback standards, including a generally required 200-foot buffer adjacent to residential or agricultural property and specified road setbacks (minimum buffer width of 200 feet).
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions10
Data centers are permitted by right, except in TOD West, where a conditional use permit is required.
Technology Zone incentives can reimburse up to 75% of building permit fees and up to 100% of utility connection fees. The business must qualify as a technology business, be located in the Technology Overlay District, meet applicable investment and job requirements, and generate sufficient additional local tax revenue to fund the incentive.
Reduced data-center parking requirements require one space per 400 square feet of office space and one space per 4,000 square feet of other space, or an amount authorized through plan-of-development approval based on an operational parking study.
Accessory uses supporting identified TOD uses are authorized, including water and sewage treatment plants, elevated water storage, central heating or cooling, security buildings, storage and maintenance facilities, structured parking, general offices, supplementary solar facilities, and qualifying energy-storage facilities.
On-site water reuse and wastewater pretreatment are permitted even though TOD uses must use public water and sewer systems.
Energy storage as a principal or sole use is allowed by right when it is at least 1,500 feet from residentially zoned property and the county boundary, within one-quarter mile of I-64 or Route 288, covered by a county siting agreement, uses solid-state batteries or lithium-ion storage of no more than 20 megawatts, and occupies no more than 2% of the TOD. Noncompliant facilities may seek a conditional use permit.
Utility generating stations, including natural-gas peaking plants and small modular nuclear reactor facilities, may be developed in the TOD through a conditional use permit, and onsite energy-generating facilities supporting a principal use are also authorized through a conditional use permit.
Structures may reach 120 feet, with additional height exemptions for certain rooftop equipment and utility infrastructure. A conditional use permit may exceed the stated height restrictions, subject to the ordinance.
Plan-of-development approval may grant exceptions to TOD design standards when county staff determines that the TOD's purpose, intent, and aesthetics will be met and that the plan substantially complies with the approved conceptual master plan.
Public roads, public facilities, and public utility facilities within a TOD are treated by the Comprehensive Plan amendment as substantially consistent with the plan, facilitating infrastructure expansion needed for technology campuses.
Sources
Specific to Goochland County only.
pending · County measureThe County Board of Supervisors directed staff to draft amendments that would allow data centers only within the Technology Overlay District and prohibit them elsewhere in Goochland County.Goochland County 2026 Ordinance Update — Proposed amendments restricting data centers to the Technology Overlay District
What this means
If enacted, the proposal would prohibit data centers outside the Technology Overlay District, while still allowing them in parts of the district by right or with a conditional-use permit. Facilities using 100 megawatts or more would also face added impact studies, creating significant barriers but not an outright ban.
People behind it
- Goochland County Board of Supervisors
Adopted the Technology Overlay District ordinance and Comprehensive Plan amendment, and proposed the 2026 amendments and directed their preparation.
- Goochland County Planning Commission
Reviewed the proposed amendments, conducted public hearings, and made recommendations to the Board of Supervisors.
- Goochland County Administrator and staff
Prepared and administered the proposed ordinance and Comprehensive Plan amendments under the Board of Supervisors’ direction.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements22
Data centers are permitted by right in the Technology Overlay District except in TOD West, where a conditional use permit is required.
Data centers outside the TOD would be prohibited under the proposed 2026 amendments; the restriction is proposed and was not yet final in the source.
Data centers must use public water and sewer systems. On-site water reuse or wastewater pretreatment is allowed, but private wells and independent wastewater systems are not authorized by the TOD standard.
For TOD campuses adjacent to residentially zoned property or residential mixed-use development, noise measured at the property line may not exceed 55 dBA and 65 dBC.
Applicants must submit a qualified third-party environmental noise assessment with the initial plan of development, provide a peak-operating assessment within three months after operations begin, and provide additional studies when requested by the zoning administrator, with no more than four requested studies per calendar year.
Generators may operate only for testing or emergencies. Testing is limited to two hours per day between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, unless a state or federal air-quality agency requires otherwise.
Generator testing schedules must be posted annually on a dedicated company webpage, with at least 48 hours' notice of schedule changes.
Generators near residential property must be shielded and screened through specified measures, including enclosure, opaque walls or approved enclosures, terrain or berms that substantially eliminate ground-level visibility, and low-emission Tier 4 diesel generators, unless equivalent newer methods are approved.
The maximum structure height is 120 feet, and structures over 60 feet require an approved fire-sprinkler system and specified setbacks. Structures over 80 feet may not be adjacent to residential property, residential mixed-use development, or certain non-TOD A-2 property, although a conditional use permit may exceed the height restrictions.
On M-1 or M-2 property, a data center and its exterior mechanical equipment, including generators, must be at least 300 feet from residentially zoned property or residential mixed-use development.
On property other than M-1 or M-2, a data center and its exterior mechanical equipment must be at least 500 feet from residentially zoned property or residential mixed-use development; a conditional use permit may reduce that distance to 300 feet.
Data centers adjacent to property not zoned M-1 or M-2 must provide a minimum 250-foot vegetated buffer.
Access to a TOD-permitted use generally may not connect to local roads within residentially zoned areas, except when the access is solely necessary for emergency service vehicles.
Exterior construction activity next to residential property or residential mixed-use development is limited to 7:00 a.m. through 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, subject to limited emergency or unusual-circumstance exceptions.
Each technology campus outside a planned development park must obtain approval of a conceptual master plan before any building permit or plan of development may be approved for campus parcels, structures, or infrastructure.
A conceptual master plan must provide at least 20 percent open space.
Conceptual master plans generally require perimeter buffers, including 200 feet next to residential or agricultural property, 150 feet next to arterial roads, and 100 feet next to collector or local roads.
Conceptual master plans generally require setbacks that prohibit permitted uses, refuse storage, or loading areas within 200 feet of residential or agricultural property, with additional road and neighboring commercial or industrial property setbacks.
Buildings visible from roads outside the campus or from residential property must meet principal-façade design standards, including at least two specified elements such as varied height or rooflines, step-backs or recesses, substantial fenestration, or changes in materials, patterns, textures, or colors.
Outdoor storage, loading areas, refuse areas, treatment plants, utility facilities, truck and trailer parking, and accessory equipment must be screened from public roads and residential or agricultural property; a viewshed analysis is required with the plan of development.
Under the proposed 2026 amendments, a facility drawing 100 megawatts or more would require a state-required site assessment before county approval, addressing at least noise impacts on homes and schools and generator air quality, with the county also requiring review of specified agricultural, water, park, open-space, and historic-resource impacts.
The proposed 2026 amendments would subject the TOD to a second public process, including a community meeting, Planning Commission review and recommendation, and a Board of Supervisors public hearing and final vote before re-adoption; the source states that the language was not yet final.
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions11
Data centers are permitted by right throughout the Technology Overlay District, except in TOD West, where a conditional use permit is required. Data centers are permitted by right
The ordinance reduces the standard parking requirement for data centers to one space per 400 square feet of office space plus one space per 4,000 square feet of other space, or an alternative amount authorized through plan-of-development approval based on an operational parking study. one space per 400 square feet of office space
A conceptual master plan is reviewed and approved administratively by the zoning administrator, rather than requiring approval through a separate legislative process; applicants may appeal a decision to the Planning Commission within 15 days. subject to administrative review and approval by the zoning administrator
The plan-of-development process may grant exceptions to TOD design standards when County staff finds that the TOD's purpose, intent, and aesthetics will be met and the proposal substantially complies with the approved conceptual master plan. exceptions to the TOD design standards
A conditional use permit may authorize structures to exceed the stated TOD height restrictions. The ordinary maximum structure height is 120 feet, with additional exemptions for specified rooftop equipment and no height limit for certain utility infrastructure. A conditional use permit can be granted to exceed these height restrictions
For data centers outside M-1 or M-2 zoning, the required 500-foot distance from residential or residential mixed-use property may be reduced to 300 feet through a conditional use permit. the distance can be reduced to 300 feet through a conditional use permit
Certain supporting facilities are authorized as accessory uses for TOD technology uses, including water and sewage treatment, central heating or cooling, structured parking, general offices, storage and maintenance facilities, and qualifying accessory energy storage. accessory uses, which support the identified permitted uses
Accessory onsite energy-generating facilities, other than solar facilities, and emergency generators may be used with a conditional use permit; supplementary solar facilities and qualifying energy-storage facilities are also authorized as accessory uses. Energy generating facility for onsite consumption
The comprehensive plan treats installation or extension of public roads, public facilities, and public utility facilities within the TOD as substantially consistent with the plan, supporting infrastructure needed by technology campuses. the installation or extension of public roads, public facilities, and public utility facilities
Parking, transmission substations, stormwater facilities, and sound-attenuation improvements may be located within the data-center setback, provided they remain at least 10 feet from the required buffer, giving developers additional flexibility in arranging the site. Improvements such as parking, transmission substation, stormwater management
Generators may operate during emergencies and for limited testing, allowing data centers to maintain backup power subject to the ordinance's testing hours, notice, screening, and emissions-related conditions. Generators cannot be operated other than for testing and during emergencies
Sources
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