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The Data Center Divide

Lowhill Township

Anti-Data Center Policies

Lowhill Township’s enacted ordinance is described as proposed; it limits data centers to conditional uses in a designated area and requires added reviews, water and utility studies, and closed-loop cooling, potentially adding costs and delays without banning them.

current law · Lowhill Township
This ordinance creates zoning regulations for Digital Infrastructure Facilities, including data centers and accessory uses, and permits them by conditional use in the Regional Use Overlay 2 district.Pennsylvania Lowhill Township Ordinance 2026-2 (2026)

What this means

The proposed measure would allow data centers only as conditional uses in a designated area and require added reviews and standards, including water and utility studies and closed-loop cooling. These rules could add costs and delays, but they do not ban data centers.

People behind it

  • Adopted the ordinance establishing zoning requirements for data centers.

  • Proposed the zoning ordinance amendment adding Digital Infrastructure Facilities as a conditional use.

  • Proposed the zoning ordinance amendment regulating cryptocurrency mining facilities, data centers, solar energy facilities, and membership clubs.

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  • Proposed zoning ordinance amendments regulating data centers and solar farms.

  • Proposed zoning ordinance amendments regulating data centers and principal solar energy systems.

  • Proposed the zoning ordinance amendment regulating vertical automated storage and retrieval systems.

  • Proposed the zoning ordinance amendment regulating solar farms.

  • Proposed the zoning ordinance amendment adding planned residential development as a permitted use in the enterprise overlay district.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements19
  • Allows Digital Infrastructure Facilities only in the Regional Use Overlay 2 district and not as-of-right elsewhere.

  • Requires conditional-use, land-development-plan, Township review, and a public hearing before a facility may be constructed or operated.

  • Requires additional approval for expansions or substantial modifications that increase building area, equipment, utility demand, noise, traffic, or environmental impacts.

  • Requires detailed application plans and studies addressing site design, construction traffic and oversized-equipment deliveries, utilities, stormwater, noise, environmental effects, emergency response, and surrounding-property impacts.

  • Requires a 500-foot setback from every property line, along with buffering, screening, landscaping, and controls on lighting and visual impacts.

  • Limits parking to one space per on-site employee.

  • Requires an electrical-utility impact study showing full-build-out demand, available capacity, required upgrades, and impacts on electrical utilities.

  • Requires a water-feasibility study identifying the water source and available supply, as well as wastewater-disposal approvals or a public-water user agreement.

  • Requires applicants to identify the proposed cooling method during conditional-use review and regulates water demand and cooling-system impacts.

  • Requires closed-loop cooling to the maximum extent feasible and prohibits once-through cooling unless closed-loop cooling is infeasible and the applicant demonstrates that withdrawals and discharges will not harm water resources.

  • Imposes operating limits and standards for noise, vibration, lighting, building height, equipment, emissions, and other operational impacts.

  • Requires backup-power equipment to minimize emissions under EPA Tier 4 standards, comply with location and screening requirements, and undergo annual testing.

  • Requires the proposed end user or users and the facility’s specific purpose or function to be identified in the conditional-use application.

  • Requires emergency-response and security plans, coordination with emergency-service providers, and access for responding personnel.

  • Allows the Township to require applicants or operators to pay or escrow application, review, inspection, monitoring, and professional-consultant costs.

  • Requires financial guarantees or other assurances for construction obligations, environmental mitigation, and facility removal or decommissioning.

  • Requires a decommissioning plan providing for removal of generators, tanks, batteries, electrical infrastructure, and related improvements no later than three years after removal activities begin.

  • Requires an electronic-waste plan covering the safe removal, recycling, or disposal of servers, hazardous materials, batteries, and related products.

  • Requires continuing compliance with approval conditions and authorizes Township inspections, monitoring, reporting, corrective action, enforcement, and penalties for violations.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions6
  • Permits data centers, officially classified as “Digital Infrastructure Facilities,” as a conditional use in the township’s Regional Use Overlay 2 district, creating a zoning approval path for the facilities.

  • Also allows Hyper Digital Infrastructure Facilities—those with full-build-out electrical demand of 50 megawatts or more—as conditional uses in the Regional Use Overlay 2 district.

  • Allows data center campuses to include associated electrical, cooling, emergency-generation, communications, access, and utility infrastructure when developed as part of the approved data center use and subject to the ordinance’s site and operational requirements.

  • Requires only one parking space per on-site employee, rather than typical industrial parking ratios, reducing the parking and impervious-surface area a data-center project must construct.

  • Defines Digital Infrastructure Facilities, accessory uses, Hyper Digital Infrastructure Facilities, and Sensitive Receptors, providing specific categories for reviewing data-center proposals.

  • Protects lawfully established data center uses and associated improvements as existing uses, subject to applicable expansion, alteration, and safety standards, so later zoning changes do not automatically eliminate them.

Sources

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