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The Data Center Divide

Freedom Township

Anti-Data Center Policies

Freedom Township’s enacted rules allow data centers but require design, emergency, water, wastewater, and end-of-use measures. Noise limits and sound and vibration studies may add costs and constrain operations.

current law · Freedom Township
Establishes binding data-center zoning standards under § 230-62A(18.1), identified as amended by Ordinance No. 2025-03 on October 15, 2025, covering design, screening, emergency response, utilities, noise, vibration, and decommissioning.Freedom Township Data Center Zoning Ordinance (2025)

What this means

The measure does not ban data centers, but it adds substantial design, emergency-planning, water and wastewater, and end-of-use requirements. Noise limits and required sound and vibration studies could add significant costs and affect how facilities operate (noise limits and studies).

People behind it

  • Hears and decides conditional-use applications and may impose conditions to implement the zoning chapter and Comprehensive Plan.

  • Reviews conditional-use applications before consideration by the Board of Supervisors.

  • Determines whether an unlisted use is similar to uses permitted in the applicable zoning district and refers denied requests to the Zoning Hearing Board.

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  • Hears and decides referred requests for unlisted uses as special exceptions.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements20
  • Data center buildings may not exceed 75 feet in height.

  • Facades facing public roads must include at least two design elements, such as changes in height, step-backs or recesses, fenestration, changes in materials or color, or accent materials. Multiple street-facing facades must use consistent design, materials, details, and treatment.

  • Ground-level mechanical and electrical equipment must be screened by a building or vegetation, while rooftop equipment must be screened by a compatible solid wall, panel, parapet, or similar screen.

  • A minimum 50-foot buffer yard is required between data center buildings and adjacent residential or residentially zoned property.

  • The data center buffer yard must contain staggered native evergreen and deciduous trees, with each tree at least six feet tall when planted and at least one evergreen and one deciduous tree for every 20 feet of buffer yard.

  • Electric substations and other utility substations needed to serve the data center are treated as part of the use and must comply with the applicable screening and buffering requirements.

  • Data center lighting must use full-cutoff, fully shielded fixtures that direct light downward and away from adjacent roads and property views.

  • Hazardous materials stored for the data center must be at least 100 feet from every property line and street right-of-way line.

  • Applicants must provide the Township with documentation identifying hazardous materials handled or stored on the property, demonstrating compliance with applicable Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection standards, and confirming that the first-due fire department has been notified.

  • The applicant must provide documentation that the public utility supplying power to the data center has approved the proposed service.

  • A qualified professional must prepare an emergency response plan for the facility, and the Township Emergency Management Coordinator, local fire department, and emergency services must review and accept it before Township project approval.

  • The emergency response plan must address fire suppression, containment, ventilation, evacuation, first-responder training before operations begin, and annual fire-safety inspections by a qualified professional.

  • Battery energy storage system sites associated with the data center must comply with NFPA 855 or similar standards and include fire-suppression systems specifically designed for battery storage, with compliance documentation provided to the Township, local fire department, and emergency services.

  • The facility owner must restore the site after the project ends or active use ceases by removing equipment, structures, and related features that are no longer used or reasonably reusable. A decommissioning agreement must ensure completion within 12 months after the facility ceases operation.

  • A water-supply feasibility study must be submitted to demonstrate that sufficient water resources are available, prepared according to Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection requirements.

  • Documentation must demonstrate adequate wastewater disposal for domestic wastewater and for cooling or industrial wastewater, with the study prepared according to Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection requirements.

  • Data center noise, including noise from associated and emergency equipment, may not exceed pre-development ambient levels by more than 10 dB(A), and may not exceed 55 dB(A) during specified weekday daytime hours or 45 dB(A) during specified nighttime and weekend hours, measured at the facility property line.

  • A preliminary sound study by a professional acoustical expert must accompany the initial project application. It must use ANSI S1.4-2014 sound-level meters and generally accepted criteria, identify needed sound-reduction measures, include octave- or one-third-octave-band frequency analysis, and demonstrate compliance under normal operating conditions.

  • An as-built sound study must be completed within six months after the certificate of occupancy is issued and operations begin. If sound limits are exceeded, additional sound-reduction measures and updated testing are required.

  • A qualified professional must prepare a vibration study demonstrating that vibrations from data center equipment, including fans, pumps, chillers, and generators, do not extend beyond the property line.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions7
  • Data centers may be built up to a maximum height of 75 feet, providing a defined height allowance for larger facilities. (maximum height for the data center use shall be 75 feet)

  • Electric substations and other utility substations needed to serve a data center are treated as part of the data-center use, rather than as a separate use, subject to required screening and buffering. (Utility substations)

  • The ordinance provides a defined power-service approval pathway by requiring documentation that the public utility has approved service to the data center. (public utility providing power to the use has approved such service)

  • Applicants may demonstrate water availability through a required water-supply feasibility study prepared under Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection requirements. (water supply feasibility study)

  • The ordinance recognizes wastewater disposal for both domestic wastewater and cooling or industrial wastewater, with documentation prepared under Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection requirements. (adequate means of wastewater disposal)

  • Data-center applicants have a defined emergency-response approval process: a qualified professional must prepare the plan, and the Township emergency coordinator, local fire department, and emergency services must review and accept it before project approval. (reviewed and accepted by the Township's Emergency Management Coordinator)

  • The ordinance expressly accommodates battery energy-storage systems at data-center sites by requiring compliance with NFPA 855 or similar standards and fire-suppression systems designed for battery storage. (Battery energy storage system sites)

Sources

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