City of Plattsburgh
Anti-Data Center Policies
Plattsburgh’s enacted law requires data centers using at least 1 MW to obtain council permits, meet staffing minimums, and post a $1 million bond; existing sites are generally exempt unless expanded or intensified.
current law · City of PlattsburghRegulates high-energy-intensive uses in Plattsburgh, including cryptocurrency mining, blockchain validation, large-scale data centers, and similar operations, to protect the municipal electric system, infrastructure, ratepayer affordability, and local economic interests; it does not prohibit these uses.City of Plattsburgh Local Law 1-2026
What this means
If enacted, the law would make new or expanded data centers using at least 1 MW significantly harder to establish: they would need a council permit, minimum on-site staffing, and a bond or deposit of at least $1 million (permit, staffing, and bond requirements). Existing operations are generally exempt unless they expand or intensify, but the requirements would be substantial barriers for new projects.
People behind it
- Mayor Hughes
Introduced proposed Local Law P-1 of 2026.
- Common Council
Passed and enacted the local law and is responsible for approving permits and conducting enforcement hearings.
- Municipal Lighting Department
Administers utility-related requirements, including determining surety-bond amounts and enforcing operational requirements related to municipal electric service.
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- Code Enforcement Officer
Issues permits for covered high-energy-intensive uses after Common Council approval.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements1
[ { "provision": "New high-energy-intensive uses and qualifying expansions require a permit": "The permit must be approved by the Common Council and issued by the Code Enforcement Officer. The requirement applies to new high-energy-intensive uses, expansions that reach at least 1 MW, and changes in use that reach at least 1 MW." }, { "provision": "High-energy-intensive use is defined at 1 MW or more of electrical demand": "Data centers meeting or expected to meet the 1 MW threshold are subject to the law's requirements." }, { "provision": "Covered facilities must maintain minimum on-site employment": "The employment schedule requires at least 6 full-time-equivalent employees for facilities above 0.5 MW and below 1 MW, 12 employees for 1 MW to below 2 MW, and 18 employees for 2 MW or more. Employees must work at least 30 hours per week and physically work within Plattsburgh." }, { "provision": "Applicants bear the burden of demonstrating compliance": "A data-center applicant must establish that the proposed use satisfies the law's requirements before receiving a permit." }, { "provision": "Operators must annually provide requested compliance documentation": "Covered data centers must submit documentation reasonably requested by the City or Municipal Lighting Department to demonstrate continued compliance." }, { "provision": "A surety bond of at least $1 million is required": "As a condition of permitting and continued operation, the operator must maintain a bond based on projected electrical demand and utility charges, or $1 million, whichever is greater. A qualifying cash deposit may be used instead." }, { "provision": "A permit does not guarantee continued electric capacity or service": "Permitted data centers do not obtain a vested right to a particular level of municipal electric capacity, continued service, or continued operation if later laws, utility requirements, infrastructure limits, or lawful orders restrict them." }, { "provision": "Violations may lead to civil penalties or permit suspension or revocation": "The City may enforce the requirements through penalties or loss of the operating permit, subject to notice and an opportunity to be heard." }, { "provision": "Related operations may be aggregated": "The City may combine the electrical demand of commonly owned or controlled operations functioning as one integrated business when determining whether the law applies or whether requirements are satisfied. Adjacent parcels or contractual relationships alone are insufficient." }, { "provision": "Existing lawful operations are generally exempt from new requirements": "A lawfully operating existing data center may continue without a new permit, employment thresholds, bonding, or other operational requirements unless it increases electrical demand, expands onto additional property, changes use classification, or materially increases use intensity." } ]
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions6
Lawfully operating high-energy-intensive facilities may continue operating as pre-existing uses, without obtaining a permit, meeting employment thresholds, providing additional bonding, or complying with other operational requirements, unless they increase demand, expand onto additional property, change use classification, or materially intensify operations. may continue operating
Routine maintenance, repair, replacement, modernization, and equipment upgrades that do not increase authorized electrical demand are not treated as an expansion, modification, or intensification requiring new compliance. Routine maintenance, repair, replacement, modernization
The law operates prospectively: existing lawful operations are protected, and the requirements apply to future high-energy-intensive uses and future increases in electrical demand rather than retroactively to existing operations. operate prospectively
Facilities using between zero and 0.5 megawatts have no minimum employee requirement. no minimum employee requirement
The City may aggregate related operations only when they share common ownership or control and function as one integrated enterprise; operations are not aggregated solely because they occupy adjacent parcels or have contractual relationships. Aggregation shall not occur solely
Before a permit is suspended or revoked, or electrical service is limited under the law, the operator must receive written notice, a reasonable opportunity to cure where appropriate, and a hearing opportunity; the resulting decision must include written findings and is subject to judicial review. Written notice of the alleged violation
Sources
current law · City of PlattsburghEstablishes zoning regulations for commercial cryptocurrency-mining operations in Plattsburgh, adding § 360-25F to the City Zoning Code on October 25, 2018, including operations using high-density load service or server farms.City of Plattsburgh Local Law 6-2018
Timing
- Ends
- 18 months from the effective date of the subsection
The moratorium may terminate earlier if the Common Council determines by resolution that its purpose has been fulfilled. The separate regulations governing commercial cryptocurrency mining operations remain in the Code.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements11
Commercial cryptocurrency mining operations, including server farms using high-density electrical service, are subject to an 18-month moratorium: the City cannot accept applications or issue approvals or permits, including for applications pending or submitted before the moratorium took effect. 18-month moratorium
A special use permit is required for every new commercial cryptocurrency mining operation and every expansion of a preexisting operation. special use permit
The regulations cover operations using high-density load service, defined as an average monthly demand exceeding 300 kilowatts or an average power density exceeding 250 kilowatt-hours per year per square foot, and server farms with three or more interconnected computers primarily used for cryptocurrency mining or associated data processing. high-density load service
Covered facilities must install and maintain an active clean-agent fire-suppression system with high-sensitivity smoke detectors. fire suppression
Covered facilities must install an emergency electricity-termination switch outside each containment structure. emergency electricity termination switch
Mining equipment must be housed in an individually metered, electrically grounded, metal-encased containment structure rated to resist an internal electrical fire for at least 30 minutes and equipped with automatically closing baffles. containment space
Building systems, including heat-transfer equipment and fire-detection, fire-suppression, and containment systems, must be designed by a New York State licensed engineer and comply with applicable codes and standards. licensed engineer
The temperature inside a containment space may not exceed 120°F, and people may not regularly inspect or work there when the temperature exceeds 90°F. temperature limits
When the average daily temperature is below 40°F, no more than 20% of the heat dissipated by the mining activity may be released directly outdoors. heat-dissipation limit
Covered operations may not cause adverse or detrimental effects to adjoining lessees, owners, or residents, and may not produce noise exceeding 90 decibels measured 25 feet from the exterior of the containment structure. noise limit
All uses must avoid offensive or objectionable noise, vibration, odor, or glare noticeable at or beyond the property line. general nuisance standard
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions8
Planned unit developments may vary minimum lot-size, yard, open-space, structure-count, and dwelling-unit requirements, allowing more flexible layouts and development designs. They are permitted in all zoning districts except RH, subject to Planning Board approval and applicable density limits.
A planned unit development may include a mixture of uses permitted as-of-right or by special-use permit in the applicable zoning district, allowing complementary data-center-related uses to be combined within one development.
Planned unit developments may include designated areas for buildings, infrastructure, streets, driveways, parking, loading, landscaping, and open space, allowing the Planning Board to approve an integrated site design.
The zoning code allows public parking to satisfy some or all on-site parking requirements in designated overlay parking districts when a lot is too small for the required parking, subject to conditions including a parking assessment or equivalent payment and available public parking.
The special-use-permit process provides a formal approval path for uses requiring special approval. The Zoning Board of Appeals may impose conditions concerning the structure, open space, parking, traffic, and neighborhood impacts rather than prohibiting the use outright.
Utility improvements for planned unit developments, including storm drainage, sanitary sewer, and water systems, are subject to review and approval under applicable local, county, and state standards, providing a defined framework for extending or installing infrastructure.
Utility service in planned unit developments is to be provided by the developer in coordination with the relevant public utilities and generally installed underground; the Planning Board may waive the underground requirement when the developer demonstrates that it is infeasible because of topography, geology, or technology.
The zoning code permits existing lots that do not meet current minimum lot-area requirements to be developed, provided conditions are met, including minimum side-yard dimensions and compliance with applicable front- and rear-yard requirements.
Sources
repealed · City of PlattsburghHistorical, cryptocurrency-mining-only measure; not a general data-center regulation.City of Plattsburgh Local Law 3-2018
People behind it
- Colin Read
Mayor associated with the moratorium; WCAX reports Mayor Colin Read and the Plattsburgh Common Council put an 18-month moratorium.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements1
Historical crypto-only 18-month moratorium on applications, proceedings for applications, approvals and permits.
Sources
pending · City of PlattsburghWould have imposed a temporary land-use moratorium on establishing or expanding certain high-energy computing facilities—including cryptocurrency-mining, blockchain-validation, artificial-intelligence, cloud-computing, data-center, server-farm, and similar operations—while the City updated its zoning regulations.City of Plattsburgh Proposed Local Law P-2-2026
What this means
If enacted, the measure would pause approvals for new data centers and major expansions; the sources give different durations of six and twelve months. Existing facilities could generally keep operating, but the pause would substantially delay covered projects.
Timing
- Ends
- Six (6) months after its effective date in the proposed law; another local-law document states 12 months after the effective date.
The sources give conflicting expiration periods. The proposed law allows extension only by a further local law with written findings identifying work completed and remaining, why additional time is reasonably necessary, and the proposed extension duration. A city webpage marks the proposal withdrawn, so whether it took effect is unclear.
People behind it
- Mayor Hughes
Introduced the proposed local law.
Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements6
A moratorium bars the City from issuing building, zoning, special-use, site-plan, occupancy, or other land-use approvals for covered facilities, including establishing or expanding one, converting a structure to one, or reestablishing one. The sources give different versions of the duration and coverage threshold: 12 months and at least 300 kW of connected demand or High Density Load Service in one version, versus six months and at least 1 MW for data centers in another.
A facility lawfully operating when the moratorium takes effect may continue, but may not be expanded, enlarged, converted, reestablished after cessation, or materially intensified if municipal land-use approval is required. Routine maintenance, ordinary repairs, and equipment replacement are allowed if they do not materially increase electrical demand or processing capacity.
A proposed-version exception for a prior operator to reactivate at the same premises requires written notice within 90 days, current associated MLD accounts, compliance with applicable deposit, security, tariff, and service requirements, restoration of service and resumption of operations within 90 days, and compliance with the historical demand cap.
Under a proposed-version exception, a landlord seeking a replacement operator must file an election within 90 days. The replacement must use the same premises and facility category, stay within the historical demand cap, meet applicable MLD and City requirements, and begin operating before the six-month moratorium ends; a timely prior-operator reactivation takes precedence.
The proposed-version reactivation and replacement exceptions are limited to the specified premises and historical demand cap; eligibility cannot be transferred, divided, duplicated, or used to establish a facility elsewhere, including elsewhere on the same property.
Hardship relief requires an application and a public hearing. It is discretionary and requires written findings that the hardship is sufficiently particularized, the relief is consistent with the moratorium’s purposes, and it will not adversely affect public health, safety, or welfare or undermine the City’s planning purpose.
Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions6
A high-energy facility lawfully operating when the moratorium takes effect may continue operating, so long as it is not expanded, converted, reestablished after stopping, or materially intensified in a way requiring municipal land-use approval.
Routine maintenance, repairs, equipment replacement, modernization, and upgrades may proceed if they do not constitute a material expansion, relocation, or new facility and are otherwise lawful. The versions differ on the limit: one specifically bars work that materially increases electrical demand or processing capacity.
An eligible prior operator may reactivate at the same qualifying premises during the moratorium if it gives required notice within 90 days, meets applicable MLD account and service requirements, resumes operations within 90 days, and stays within its historical demand cap.
A landlord may preserve eligibility for a replacement operator in the same high-energy-use category by filing an election within 90 days. The replacement must use the same premises, meet applicable requirements, stay within the historical demand cap, and begin operating before the moratorium expires; a timely reactivation by the prior operator takes priority.
An affected owner or operator may seek discretionary hardship relief from the Common Council after a public hearing. The versions describe different tests: one requires extraordinary property-specific hardship, consistency with the law’s purposes, and no adverse effect on public health, safety, or welfare; the other requires substantial, particularized hardship that was not primarily self-created, will not materially interfere with planning, and is addressed with the minimum necessary relief. Written findings are required.
The proposed moratorium expires six months after its effective date unless ended sooner. Extending it requires another local law and written findings explaining the work completed and remaining, why more time is needed, and the extension’s duration.
Sources
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