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The Data Center Divide

Clinton Township

Anti-Data Center Policies

Clinton Township’s enacted ordinances restrict data center height and location and require costly grid upgrades, bonds, and operating controls, but do not ban data centers.

current law · Clinton Township
Requires data centers in Clinton Township to meet rules for building placement, noise, water use, power upgrades, renewable energy, decommissioning, and public safety funding.Michigan Clinton Township Data Center Ordinance — August 17, 2026

What this means

The measure would make projects substantially harder: it limits building height and sets large setbacks, while requiring developers to pay for grid upgrades and meet demanding water, noise, and renewable-energy rules (40-foot height and 200-foot setbacks, developer responsibility for grid upgrades). A bond of at least $5 million and other operating requirements add further cost, though the measure does not ban data centers (minimum $5 million security).

People behind it

  • Moved to approve the AI Data Ordinance.

  • Seconded the motion to approve the AI Data Ordinance.

  • Discussed, voted on, and approved the AI Data Ordinance; the Township is also responsible for administering and enforcing it.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements29
  • Data centers must connect to public water and sewer systems.

  • Data center buildings may not exceed 40 feet in height.

  • All principal buildings, accessory structures, and data center electric utility substations must be set back at least 200 feet from property lines.

  • Structures must be designed, arranged, and sited to be harmonious with surrounding properties and to minimize visual impacts from public streets and sensitive receptor areas.

  • Site design must provide safe vehicle access, adequate on-site queuing at security gates and parking, natural-resource protection, and stormwater management.

  • Data centers may not emit more than 55 dBA at the nearest property line, with measurements taken 4 to 5 feet above grade during normal operations over at least 10 minutes.

  • Generators may be used only for emergencies or manufacturer-recommended testing, only during daylight hours and no more than once per week, and must comply with the 55 dBA property-line limit.

  • Data centers must use specified noise-mitigation measures, including low-noise equipment, acoustic silencers or attenuators, sound-insulated equipment rooms or enclosures, sound-rated walls and doors, and acoustic barriers where appropriate.

  • Compute loads and cooling systems must be distributed to minimize peak fan or chiller noise emissions.

  • Before a building permit may be issued, the applicant must submit an acoustic impact study, equipment specifications with sound-power levels, and a noise-mitigation plan; the acoustic study must demonstrate compliance under full operating conditions.

  • Well water may be used only for restroom toilets, restroom handwashing sinks, and employee hygiene facilities.

  • Well water is prohibited for cooling, humidification, process or equipment water, irrigation, cleaning, maintenance, or any other industrial or operational data center function.

  • Before construction, the developer or tenant must install monitoring wells as recommended by the Township's engineering consultant and must pay to restore neighboring wells that go dry as a result of data center water use.

  • Cooling and mechanical systems may use only closed-loop, air-cooled, refrigerant-based, municipal, or recycled nonpotable water systems.

  • The developer must pay for all electric-grid upgrades required for the facility, including substations, transformers, feeders, high-voltage distribution, and interconnection equipment, with no costs imposed on township residents, ratepayers, or the municipality.

  • Required grid upgrades must be coordinated with the serving utility and approved by the Township before a building permit is issued.

  • Upgraded electrical infrastructure must support 100% of the data center's peak demand plus a 20% reserve margin.

  • All suitable roof areas must have rooftop solar photovoltaic systems, designed to generate as much of the data center's annual energy consumption as the available roof area permits; on-site batteries may supplement solar generation.

  • The developer must submit an annual report documenting total energy consumption, on-site solar production, and the percentage of power supplied by on-site renewables.

  • Facilities that fail to meet the 51% annual renewable-energy requirement must take corrective action within 90 days, including additional solar capacity, battery storage, or rooftop or structural upgrades.

  • A developer must demolish and naturally restore project buildings that remain vacant and abandoned for five consecutive years, subject to extensions for casualty and other events outside the developer's control, and must maintain the property while vacant.

  • Before receiving a certificate of occupancy and beginning operations, the developer must provide a decommissioning surety bond or other acceptable security of at least $5 million and no more than $10 million; the security may be adjusted every two years, subject to a 20% maximum increase per five-year period.

  • The decommissioning security must fund immediate demolition and natural-area restoration if the developer becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy.

  • Each day a violation continues is a separate offense.

  • Water violations carry civil penalties of $5,000 per day for unauthorized groundwater, well-water, or prohibited cooling-water use and $10,000 per day for unauthorized well installation, modification, or cross-connection.

  • Noise violations carry penalties of $1,500 per day for a first offense, $3,000 per day for a second offense, and $5,000 per day for subsequent offenses.

  • Failure to install required rooftop solar or meet renewable-generation minimums carries a $2,500-per-day penalty.

  • The Township may require corrective plans and completion proof and, for repeated, serious, or uncorrected violations, may stop work, suspend permits, reduce operations, temporarily shut down the facility or systems, or revoke approvals; the developer must also reimburse enforcement-related costs.

  • Before operations begin, the data center must provide Township-verified funding for local police and fire emergency equipment, supplies, and specialized training, and the contributions must be made before an occupancy or operational permit is issued.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions3
  • The ordinance expressly allows a data center to include accessory facilities on the same tract or unified development, including electrical substations, utility lines, generators for temporary emergency power, cooling equipment, water-holding facilities, pump stations, wastewater treatment, security structures, and administrative or storage buildings. Data Center Accessory Use

  • The ordinance permits generators to operate for emergency situations and manufacturer-recommended testing, subject to daylight-hour, once-per-week, and 55 dBA property-line limits. Generators will only be used

  • The ordinance allows rooftop solar generation to be supplemented with on-site battery energy storage systems, providing an additional way for a facility to meet its renewable-energy obligations. Solar generation may be supplemented

Sources

current law · Clinton Township
Requires AI data centers to follow limits on building height, setbacks, noise, and well-water use, pay for needed grid upgrades and public-safety support, install rooftop solar, and provide funds for eventual demolition.Clinton Township AI Data Center Ordinance, Ordinance No. 25

What this means

The measure would make development much harder with 200-foot setbacks and a 40-foot height limit, developer-funded grid upgrades, and a decommissioning bond of at least $5 million. Water-use limits, noise controls, solar requirements, and public-safety contributions add further costs and operating constraints, creating significant barriers without banning data centers outright.

People behind it

  • Moved to approve the AI Data Ordinance at the February 9, 2026, Clinton Township Board meeting.

  • Seconded the motion to approve the AI Data Ordinance.

  • Discussed and approved the AI Data Center Ordinance.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements30
  • Data centers must be compatible with surrounding properties, minimize the visual impact of building bulk from public streets and sensitive receptor areas, provide safe vehicle access and on-site queuing, accommodate adequate parking, minimize impacts to natural resources, and use appropriate stormwater management.

  • Data centers must connect to public water and sewer systems.

  • Data center buildings may not exceed 40 feet in height.

  • Principal buildings, accessory structures, and data center electric utility substations must be set back at least 200 feet from property lines.

  • Data center noise may not exceed 55 dBA at the nearest property line.

  • Generators may be used only for emergency situations and manufacturer-recommended testing, during daylight hours and no more than once per week; generator noise must also remain at or below 55 dBA at all property lines.

  • Noise measurements must be taken 4 to 5 feet above grade, during normal operating conditions, over at least a 10-minute period.

  • Data centers must use specified noise-control measures, including low-noise mechanical equipment, acoustic silencers or attenuators, sound-insulated mechanical rooms or outdoor enclosures, sound-rated walls and doors, acoustic barriers where appropriate, and load and cooling distribution designed to reduce peak noise.

  • Before a building permit is issued, the applicant must submit an acoustic impact study by a qualified acoustical engineer, mechanical and cooling equipment specifications with sound-power levels, and a noise-mitigation plan.

  • Well water may be used only for restroom toilets, restroom handwashing sinks, and employee hygiene facilities.

  • Well water may not be used for cooling, humidification, process or equipment water, irrigation or other exterior uses, cleaning or maintenance, or any industrial or operational data center function.

  • Before construction begins, the developer or tenant must install monitoring wells as recommended by the Township engineering consultant and must pay to restore neighboring wells that go dry because of data center water use.

  • Cooling and mechanical systems must use closed-loop systems, air cooling, refrigerant-based systems, municipal water, or recycled nonpotable water.

  • Energy-generation systems intended to supply the data center during normal operations are excluded from the ordinance's definition of a permitted data center accessory use.

  • The developer must pay all electric-grid upgrades required for the facility, including substations, transformers, feeder lines, high-voltage distribution, protective relaying, switching, and interconnection equipment; the upgrades require utility coordination and Township approval before a building permit is issued.

  • Upgraded electric infrastructure must support 100% of the data center's peak electrical demand plus a 20% reserve margin.

  • All suitable roof areas of every data center building must have rooftop solar photovoltaic systems, designed to generate as much of the facility's annual energy consumption as the available roof area permits; battery storage may supplement solar generation.

  • The developer must submit an annual report stating total energy consumption, on-site solar production, and the percentage of power supplied by on-site renewables.

  • If the facility fails to meet the required 51% renewable-energy level, it must take corrective action within 90 days, such as adding solar capacity, installing battery storage, or making rooftop or structural upgrades.

  • A building or structure constructed for the project must be demolished at the developer's expense and the land restored as a natural area if it is vacated and abandoned for five consecutive years, subject to extensions for casualty or other events outside the developer's control.

  • Before receiving a certificate of occupancy and beginning operations, the developer must provide a decommissioning surety bond or other acceptable security of at least $5 million and no more than $10 million; the property must also be maintained while vacant.

  • The Township may review the decommissioning security every two years and adjust it based on increased demolition costs, but it may not increase the security by more than 20% during any five-year period.

  • The decommissioning security must provide funds for immediate demolition and restoration if the developer becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, and it must remain in place while the project is vacant.

  • Each day that an ordinance violation continues is treated as a separate offense.

  • Unauthorized groundwater or well-water use is subject to a $5,000-per-day penalty per violation, and unauthorized well installation, modification, or cross-connection is subject to a $10,000-per-day penalty per violation.

  • Exceeding the noise limit is subject to penalties of $1,500 per day for the first offense, $3,000 per day for the second offense, and $5,000 per day for subsequent offenses.

  • Failure to install required rooftop solar or meet renewable-generation minimums is subject to a $2,500-per-day penalty.

  • The Township may require corrective plans and proof of completion and, for repeated, serious, or uncorrected violations, may stop work, suspend permits, reduce operations, temporarily shut down the facility or systems, or revoke approvals.

  • The developer must reimburse the Township for enforcement-related staff, legal, engineering, and emergency costs in addition to fines.

  • Before operations begin, the data center must fund local police and fire services, including emergency equipment and specialized training; the contributions must be made and verified before an occupancy or operational permit is issued.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions6
  • The ordinance expressly allows accessory facilities on the same tract or a unified assemblage of adjacent parcels, including electrical substations, utility lines, cooling and wastewater-treatment facilities, water-holding facilities, pump stations, water towers, environmental-control equipment, storage, administrative, logistical, fiber-optic, and security structures.

  • Data centers may connect to public water and sewer, and the ordinance recognizes municipal water and recycled nonpotable water as permissible sources for cooling and mechanical systems.

  • The ordinance permits generators for emergency operation and manufacturer-recommended testing during daylight hours, provided testing occurs no more than once per week and noise remains within the 55 dBA property-line limit.

  • The ordinance establishes a process for coordinating required electric-grid upgrades with the serving utility and obtaining Township approval, allowing projects to proceed after upgrades provide capacity for the facility's peak demand plus a 20% reserve margin.

  • A data center may use closed-loop, air-cooled, refrigerant-based, municipal-water, or recycled nonpotable-water cooling systems, giving operators multiple permitted cooling-system options.

  • A vacant project is not subject to required demolition until it has remained vacant and abandoned for five consecutive years, subject to extensions for casualty and other events outside the developer's control.

Sources

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