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The Data Center Divide

Clinton County

Anti-Data Center Policies

Clinton County’s measure is labeled enacted, though its description presents the requirements as prospective: data centers would need special-exception permits, fit within four zoning districts, use closed-loop cooling, and meet study, buffer, and noise requirements.

current law · County measure
Requires data centers in Clinton County to obtain special-use approval in designated commercial or industrial zones and meet rules for siting, noise, lighting, water use, safety, and decommissioning.Clinton County, Iowa Zoning Ordinance Amendment, Section 4.2.21, Data Centers (Draft)

What this means

The measure would make data center development and operation substantially harder: projects would need a special-exception permit and could be located only in four zoning districts. It also requires closed-loop liquid cooling, extensive impact studies and buffers, and compliance with noise limits, adding major costs and approval hurdles (cooling requirements; noise limits).

People behind it

  • Held the public hearing on the proposed data-center zoning amendments and recommended their approval.

  • Held the public hearing and readings, presented and adopted Ordinance 2025-06 establishing the data-center zoning regulations.

  • County Auditor directed to publish the adopted ordinance as required by law.

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  • Responsible under the measure for reviewing applications, administering public notice, and performing specified approval and compliance functions.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements22
  • Data centers require a site plan review and a special use permit before installation; each project must submit a separate application. A site plan shall be submitted

  • Data centers are permitted only as a Special Exception Use in the C-1, C-2, M-1, and M-2 zoning districts. Data centers shall only be allowed

  • Applicants must provide extensive application materials, including applicant and owner information, a development timeline, aerial site plans with property lines and setbacks, proof of property control, fees, a third-party noise report, an ice-mitigation report, emergency procedures, and a decommissioning plan. The application for a data center installation shall include

  • Applicants must complete an environmental and community impact analysis before the special-exception hearing, addressing site resources, material disposal, emergency services, environmental effects, water, sewage, solid waste, schools, and municipal revenues and expenses. Prior to the commencement of the Special Except Use hearing

  • The permitting process requires newspaper notice between 5 and 20 days before the hearing and certified-mail notice to all property owners within one mile at least 60 days before the hearing. Proper notice shall consist of publication

  • Data centers must connect to public water and public sewer. Connection to public water and public sewer is required

  • Data centers must provide buffer yards and screening along property boundaries, subject to substantial minimum widths: 100, 150, or 300 feet along streets and near specified sensitive uses depending on building size, plus 50-foot buffers along other property lines. A minimum 100-foot buffer yard shall be provided

  • Required buffer yards must include specified berms and landscaping, including evergreen, canopy, ornamental trees, and shrubs, with plantings designed to create a complete screen at least 12 feet high within three years. The buffer yard shall include a dense landscape buffer

  • Ground-mounted equipment serving the principal building must generally be screened by an opaque wall or fence and may not be placed in a required setback. Ground-mounted equipment is prohibited in any required setback

  • Data centers must comply with underlying zoning-district lot-size, setback, bulk, and height standards; greater setbacks may be recommended. Structures must adhere to the minimum accessory structure setback standards

  • Lighting is restricted through shielding and aiming requirements, limits of 0.1 footcandle at residential uses and 0.5 footcandle at nonresidential uses, a 3,000K maximum LED color temperature, a 20-foot mounting-height limit, and limits on after-hours lighting. The illumination projected onto a residential use shall at no time exceed 0.1 footcandle

  • Operational noise is limited to 55 dB continuously during daytime and 47 dB continuously at night, with a 60 dB limit for more than five minutes per hour at specified existing sensitive properties; pure tones reduce the applicable standards by 5 dB. Audible noise caused by data centers

  • A noise waiver may be granted only by the Board of Adjustment and requires written waivers from affected property owners; applying the waiver to future owners additionally requires a recorded permanent noise-impact easement. Written waiver from the affected property owners

  • All structures must have permanent concrete foundations, and cargo containers, railroad cars, semitrailers, and similar storage containers may not be used for any part of the operation. All structures shall have permanent concrete foundations

  • Structures containing data centers must maintain clean-agent fire protection systems and high-sensitivity smoke detectors. A clean agent fire protection system must be provided

  • Data centers and cryptocurrency mining facilities must use liquid cooling and a closed-loop cooling system, estimate annual water consumption, provide a hydrologist's water-use impact statement, document adequate water resources, and obtain required county and state permits. A closed loop cooling system will be required

  • All servers, computers, processors, materials, and equipment must be enclosed within buildings. All servers, computers, processers, materials, and equipment must be enclosed within buildings

  • Before permits are issued, the applicant must obtain written power-provider verification that maximum electricity consumption has been calculated and that utility infrastructure can safely serve the facility during peak demand. The applicant shall provide written verification from the power provider

  • The applicant must demonstrate that the local fire department can reasonably service the site, maintain a 10-foot combustible-free area around data-center structures, obtain approval of emergency procedures, provide those procedures to responders, and provide annual fire and emergency-management training for the project's life. The applicant shall show a determination from the local fire department

  • Facilities must monitor heat dissipation when the average daily temperature is 40 degrees Fahrenheit or lower and enter an agreement to mitigate condensation or ice affecting neighboring properties or public rights-of-way. The amount of heat that is dissipated

  • Each operation must display 24-hour emergency contact signage at its access entrance, including company, owner or representative, and utility contact information. Each data center operation shall provide 24-hour emergency contact signage

  • The application must include a decommissioning plan covering facility life, removal of equipment, site restoration, current costs, and funding; after one year without mining or substantial project action, the permit holder has one additional year to complete decommissioning. Following a continuous one-year period

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions8
  • Data centers are expressly permitted as a Special Exception Use in the C-1, C-2, M-1, and M-2 zoning districts, subject to the ordinance requirements and approval process. Data centers shall only be allowed as a Special Exception Use permit

  • The ordinance expressly allows supporting infrastructure as Data Center Accessory Uses, including temporary backup generators, electrical substations, utility lines, cooling-water and wastewater facilities, water-holding facilities, pump stations, water towers, cooling equipment, fire-suppression equipment, and security features, when located on the same tract or a unified assemblage of adjacent parcels.

  • A Data Center Substation may serve data-center users on the same or adjacent site, including a site immediately across a road right-of-way, allowing dedicated electrical transformation, transmission, switching, and distribution infrastructure.

  • Noise limits may be exceeded if the Board of Adjustment grants a waiver after affected property owners provide written consent; the waiver may extend to future owners if a permanent noise-impact easement is recorded.

  • If existing ambient noise exceeds the ordinance's ordinary data-center noise standard, the applicable standard is adjusted to equal the measured ambient noise level, subject to the ordinance's measurement rules.

  • Existing vegetation may be used for landscaping and screening instead of new berms and plantings if approved by the Zoning Administrator, potentially reducing site-development work.

  • Required buffer yards may be located within required building setback lines, allowing the same land area to satisfy both buffering and setback requirements.

  • Utilities should be located outside required buffer yards only to the maximum extent feasible, and utility crossings may be consolidated when feasible, allowing utilities to cross buffer areas when avoidance is not feasible.

Sources

Specific to Clinton County only.

expired · County measure: Areas within county zoning jurisdiction; moratorium concerns county zoning permits.
Requires data centers in certain commercial and industrial zones to obtain a special-use permit and meet county rules for siting, noise, water use, safety, screening, and eventual decommissioning.Clinton County, Iowa Data Center Moratorium (2026)

What this means

Temporary development restriction, not permanent zoning standards: development, construction and related zoning applications were paused through the December 31, 2025 sunset. No extension is established in reviewed evidence. Score is analytical.

Timing

Ends
Dec 31, 2025

The stated term is September 29 through December 31, 2025. The board may extend it by resolution or end it early by resolution. December 8 minutes record no action on early termination. No extension is established by reviewed evidence.

People behind it

  • Chairperson; votes yes on Resolution 2025-271

  • Supervisor; votes yes

  • Supervisor; votes yes

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements2
  • Temporarily pauses development and construction of Data Mining Facilities during the September 29–December 31, 2025 term.

  • Also pauses applications for zoning permits related to development and construction of Data Mining facilities.

Sources

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