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The Data Center Divide

Union County

Anti-Data Center Policies

Union County’s enacted ordinances broaden oversight of data facilities; descriptions call them proposals, and certain modular sites face 500-acre minimums and half-mile residential setbacks.

current law · County measure
Would regulate data centers and server farms through county site-plan review and requirements for siting, noise, fire safety, and SOC 2 certification.Georgia Digital Infrastructure Hubs and Data Mining Ordinance (2026)

What this means

The proposal would regulate a wider range of server farms, including cloud-computing facilities, and adds approval, noise-testing, and ongoing SOC 2 certification requirements. Its 500-acre site and half-mile setback rule for certain prefabricated or modular facilities could also make suitable sites harder to find, creating significant barriers to development and operation.

People behind it

  • Union County Sole Commissioner who presided over and conducted the second reading of the proposed ordinance revisions.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements22
  • The rules apply to all commercial cryptocurrency-mining, data-mining, and other server-farm operations and related structures installed, constructed, or modified after the article’s effective date.

  • Operations must comply with all applicable local, state, and federal codes, regulations, and standards.

  • Properties using prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular structures must contain at least 500 contiguous acres, and associated buildings must be at least 0.5 miles from the nearest residential property line.

  • Prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular structures must have concrete foundations.

  • Exterior facades must use muted earth-tone colors and must not be defective, decayed, or corroded.

  • Intermodal shipping containers used for the operation must comply with Georgia’s applicable industrialized-building rules and statutes.

  • Structures must be arranged, designed, and constructed to be harmonious and compatible with the site and surrounding properties.

  • Noise at an occupied residential building or defined sensitive receiver may not exceed 50 dBA during the day or 45 dBA at night.

  • Operators may not create prohibited pure tones or vibration tones exceeding specified one-third-octave-band limits, with thresholds varying by frequency.

  • Noise compliance measurements must use a calibrated Type 1 sound-level meter, specified weighting and recording settings, and a 15-minute averaging interval, with measurements taken at least 100 feet from an adjacent property line.

  • Before a certificate of completion or occupancy is issued, the applicant must submit a noise-test report prepared by a noise-control engineering professional and must pay the testing and reporting costs.

  • The county may require the applicant to install a noise-reduction barrier or device when testing shows noncompliance, with the applicant responsible for the expense.

  • Cryptocurrency-mining equipment must be housed in a metered, electrically grounded, pre-engineered metal structure with a fire rating capable of resisting an internal electrical fire for at least 30 minutes.

  • The equipment containment space must include baffles that automatically close during a fire, independently of a possible electrical-system failure.

  • Commercial cryptocurrency-mining data-center server farms must obtain and maintain successful SOC 2 certification, provide validation to the county within 13 months after beginning operation, and provide validation annually thereafter.

  • Air, dust, smoke, glare, exhaust, heat, and humidity generated by the operation must not be perceptible at or beyond the property line.

  • Shipping containers or similar structures used to house a commercial cryptocurrency-mining server farm may not be vertically combined to exceed nine feet in height.

  • Each commercial cryptocurrency-mining or data-mining server farm must provide visible 24-hour emergency-contact signage at the access entrance, including company, owner or representative, and utility contact information.

  • All requirements must continue to be maintained after a certificate of occupancy is issued.

  • No commercial cryptocurrency or data-mining server-farm operation may be developed without site-plan review and verification by the County Building and Development Department.

  • Each violation is treated as a separate violation, and the code-enforcement officer may issue a warning or citation for each incident.

  • A violation may result in a fine of up to $1,000, imprisonment for up to 60 days, or both.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions2
  • Existing commercial cryptocurrency mining, data-mining, and other server-farm operations or structures are not covered unless they are installed, constructed, or modified after the article’s effective date.

  • Edge-computing operations by established local businesses or local infrastructure are excluded from the definition of a server farm and therefore are outside this article’s server-farm requirements.

Sources

current law · County measure
Requires commercial cryptocurrency-mining and data-mining facilities to obtain site-plan approval and meet noise, fire-safety, security-audit, and other operating standards; ordinary data centers are not covered.Georgia Cryptocurrency and Data Mining Ordinance (2023)

What this means

The proposal would extend existing requirements to a wider range of server farms, including cloud-computing facilities, and require site-plan review. For prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular facilities, it also sets a 500-acre minimum and half-mile residential setback, which could rule out many sites; the added operating standards create further costs and hurdles.

People behind it

  • Governmental authority that adopted and administers the cryptocurrency and data mining ordinance.

  • Commissioner identified in the ordinance’s adoption information.

  • County Clerk identified in the ordinance’s adoption information.

Show 1 more peopleShow fewer people
  • Department responsible for site-plan review and verifying compliance with the ordinance.

Restrictions & requirementsHide restrictions & requirements20
  • Commercial cryptocurrency mining, data mining, and related server-farm operations or structures installed, constructed, or modified after the article's effective date are subject to the requirements.

  • Development requires prior site-plan review and verification by the County Building & Development Department that all ordinance requirements are satisfied.

  • All operations must comply with applicable local, state, and federal codes, regulations, and standards.

  • The proposed revision would require server-farm properties to contain at least 500 continuous acres, with associated buildings at least 0.5 miles from the nearest residential property line.

  • Structures must be compatible with the site and surrounding properties; prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular structures must have concrete foundations, muted earth-tone exterior colors, and no defective, decayed, or corroded facades.

  • Use of intermodal shipping containers must comply with Georgia Department of Community Affairs industrialized-building requirements and the cited Georgia statutory provisions.

  • Operators may not exceed continuous sound levels of 50 dBA during the daytime or 45 dBA at night at an occupied residential building or defined sensitive receiver.

  • Pure tones from sound or vibration are restricted when they exceed specified one-third-octave-band thresholds: 5 dB at frequencies of 500 Hz and above, 8 dB from 160 through 400 Hz, or 15 dB at 125 Hz and below.

  • Noise compliance measurements must use a calibrated Type 1 sound-level meter, include a 15-minute averaging interval, and be taken near but at least 100 feet from an adjacent property line.

  • Before a certificate of completion or occupancy is issued, the applicant must submit a noise-testing report prepared by a noise-control engineering professional, at the applicant's expense.

  • The county may require a noise-reduction barrier or device when testing shows noncompliance, with the applicant responsible for the cost.

  • Mining equipment must be housed in a metered, electrically grounded, pre-engineered metal structure rated to resist an internal electrical fire for at least 30 minutes, with fire baffles that automatically close independently of possible electrical-system failure.

  • Commercial cryptocurrency-mining server farms must obtain and maintain SOC 2 certification for the duration of operation, provide validation within 13 months after beginning operation, and provide it annually thereafter.

  • Air, dust, smoke, glare, exhaust, heat, or humidity produced by the operation must not be perceptible at or beyond the property line.

  • ISO shipping containers or similar housing may not be vertically combined to exceed nine feet in height.

  • Each commercial cryptocurrency or data-mining server farm must post visible 24-hour emergency-contact signage at the access entrance, including specified owner, representative, company, and local power-company contact information.

  • All operational requirements must continue to be maintained after issuance of a certificate of occupancy.

  • Each violation is a separate violation, and the code-enforcement officer may issue a warning or citation on a case-by-case basis.

  • A violation may result in a fine of up to $1,000, imprisonment for up to 60 days, or both.

  • Where the article conflicts with another applicable federal, state, or local regulation, the more restrictive regulation controls.

Benefits & exceptionsHide benefits & exceptions1
  • [ { "provision": "Existing operations are outside the article’s applicability": "The regulations apply only to commercial cryptocurrency mining, data mining, and server-farm operations or related structures installed, constructed, or modified after the article’s effective date. Existing operations that are not modified are therefore not subjected to these new requirements." }, { "provision": "Prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular structures are allowed": "Data centers and server farms may use prefabricated, pre-engineered, or modular structures, subject to requirements for concrete foundations, muted earth-tone exterior colors, nondefective exterior facades, and applicable rules for intermodal shipping containers." }, { "provision": "Intermodal shipping containers may be used": "The article permits intermodal shipping containers as structures or housing for server-farm operations, provided they comply with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs’ Industrialized Building Rules and Bulletins and the specified Georgia statutes." }, { "provision": "A site-plan review and approval pathway is established": "The article provides a defined development process: a commercial cryptocurrency or data-mining server farm may be developed after site-plan review and verification by the County Building & Development Department that the article’s requirements are met." } ]

Sources

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